9 research outputs found
Performance measurement and analysis of PC based cluster server using SET of Architecture and modeling a scalable High performance cluster
- Author
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/04/2006
- Field of study
Not availabl
Comparison of three surgical approaches for cervicothoracic spinal tuberculosis: a retrospective case–control study
- Author
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Comparative Effectiveness of Radio, Print and Web Advertising
- Author
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2012
- Field of study
Bodies in/out of place: hegemonic masculinity and kamins’ motherhood in Indian coal mines
- Author
- Alexander Peter
- Alexander Peter
- Allen Victor L.
- Arnold David
- Baden-Powell R.
- Bell Shanon
- Campbell Beatrice
- Chatterjee Partha
- Cockburn Cynthia
- Connell R. W.
- Curjel D.
- Curjel Dagmar
- Dange S. A.
- Deb Mihir
- Deshpande S. R.
- Donner Henrike
- Faukner W.
- Faukner W.
- Faukner W.
- Ghosh A. B.
- Gibson K.
- Government of India
- Grundy J.
- Gupta Charu
- Hopkins Peter
- Humphreys H. D. G
- John Angela
- Johnson Louise
- Kelan Elisabeth
- Kessler-Harris Alice
- Kimmel M.
- Kimmel M.
- Kling Blair
- Kumaramangalam S. M.
- Lahiri-Dutt Kuntala
- Lahiri-Dutt Kuntala
- Lahiri-Dutt Kuntala
- Lahiri-Dutt Kuntala
- Lahiri-Dutt Kuntala
- Le Doeff Michele
- Lohan Maria
- Longhurst Robyn
- McDowell L.
- Mehta M. V.
- Merchant Carolyn
- Morrissey Katherine G.
- Murphy Mary
- Nash June C.
- Nite D. K.
- Oldenziel Ruth
- Osella Caroline
- Paterson J. C. K.
- Peters Joan K.
- Pramanik P.
- Quam-Wickham Nancy
- Ray Chaudhury Rakhi
- Ray Kamini
- Robinson K.
- Rose Gillian
- Rose Gillian
- Rothermund Dietmar
- Sarkar Tanika
- Saugeres Lise
- Sen Arup Kumar
- Sen Indrani
- Sen Samita
- Sen Samita
- Seth B. R.
- Shire C.
- Stonier Geo A.
- Taussig Michael T.
- Wajcman Judy
- Wajcman Judy
- Walsh Judith
- White Richard
- Young Yim Jennifer
- Publication venue
- 'Informa UK Limited'
- Publication date
- Field of study
A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial of Zephyr Endobronchial Valve Treatment in Heterogeneous Emphysema (LIBERATE)
- Author
- Aaron Thornburg
- Adnan Majid
- Adnan Majid
- Alexis Agnew
- Alichia Paton
- Amarilio de Macedo Neto
- Anita Abraham
- Arafa Aboelhassan
- Arthur Sung
- Arthur Sung
- Atul Mehta
- Azin Salimian
- Betina Machado
- Bhavin Shah
- Brian Armstrong
- Brian Morrissey
- Brian Morrissey
- Bryan S. Benn
- Cai Sim
- Charlie Strange
- Christina Ledezma
- Crissie Despirito
- Daniel Alape-Moya
- Daniel Tompkins
- Danielle Woodford
- David Hsia
- David W. Hsia
- Dirk-Jan Slebos
- Dirk-Jan Slebos
- Divay Chandra
- Eric Seeley
- Eric Tenda
- Fabio Svartman
- Felipe Nominando
- Francis Cordova
- Francisco Almeida
- Frank C. Sciurba
- Frank Sciurba
- Gabriela R. Dincheva
- Ganesh Krishna
- Ganesh Krishna
- Gerard J. Criner
- Gerard J. Criner
- Guilherme Augusto Oliveira
- Hatam Naase
- Hazem Fallouh
- Helen Dyer
- Hiram Rivas-Perez
- Hiram Rivas-Perez
- Hugo Goulart de Oliveira
- Hugo Goulart de Oliveira
- Iara Sequeiros
- Igor Benedetto
- James Michael Wells
- Jessica Bon Field
- Jiji Thomas
- John Travaline
- Jorine Hartman
- Jose Fernando Santacruz
- Joseph Cicenia
- Joseph George
- Joseph Leader
- Justin Garner
- Kamran Mahmood
- Karen Bade
- Karen Morris
- Karin Klooster
- Karthi Srikanthan
- Kartik Shenoy
- Kathleen Coles
- Katy Tucker
- Ken Yoneda
- Kristal Adams
- Kristine Sernulka
- Leonardo Schreiner
- Leticia Diaz
- Lii-Yoong H. Criner
- Lisa Kopas
- Lisa Kopas
- Luciana Cassimiro
- Luis Herrera
- Malgorzata Kornaszewska
- Malgorzata Kornaszweska
- Mark Dransfield
- Mark Dransfield
- Mark Vollenweider
- Mark Vollenweider
- Mary Blanton
- Meghan Ramsey
- Michael Machuzak
- Michael Machuzak
- Michelle Canfield
- Michelle Hernandez
- Mihir Parikh
- Momen M. Wahidi
- Momen Wahidi
- Nabil Jarad
- Nabil Jarad
- Narinder S. Shargill
- Nathaniel Marchetti
- Necole Seabron-Harris
- Nicholas Pastis
- Nicholas Pastis
- Nick H. T. ten Hacken
- P. Michael McFadden
- P. Michael McFadden
- Pallav L. Shah
- Pallav Shah
- Parag Desai
- Paulo F. G. Cardoso
- Paulo F. Guerreiro Cardoso
- Pavan Shrestha
- Ramsey Sabit
- Richard Barbers
- Richard Casaburi
- Richard Sue
- Richard Sue
- Rodrigo Athanazio
- Roy Semaan
- Rumi Khan
- Ryan Van Wert
- Samia Rached
- Samuel Kemp
- Scott Shofer
- Sharmila Vetri Villalan
- Shawn Wright
- Shawn Wright
- Sonali Sethi
- Sonja Augustijn
- Stephen Hazelrigg
- Stephen Hazelrigg
- Steven Hays
- Steven Hays
- Surya Bhatt
- Taiane Vieira
- Tanya Wiese
- Tanya Wiese
- Tatsiana Beiko
- Terry Thomas
- Thomas Gildea
- Tim Batchelor
- Timothy Connolly
- Tina Tham
- Travis Stewart
- Umair Gauhar
- Victor Kim
- William Stringer
- Yvonne Meli
- Publication venue
- 'American Thoracic Society'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Beyond the imitation game: Quantifying and extrapolating the capabilities of language models
- Author
- Abid Abubakar
- Agarwal Akshat
- Agha Omar
- Alabi Jesujoba
- Ali Tariq
- Alipoormolabashi Pegah
- Aminnaseri Moin
- Anand Sajant
- Andreassen Anders
- Arakawa Riku
- Argueta Cedrick
- Arnaud Melody
- Asaadi Shima
- Ashcraft Courtney
- Askell Amanda
- Bahri Yasaman
- Bai Yuntao
- Baitemirova Medina Orduna
- Balis John U.
- Banjade Rabin
- Bansal Mohit
- Baral Chitta
- Barnes Elizabeth
- Barnes Richard
- Baturan Marco
- Belinkov Yonatan
- Berant Jonathan
- Betz Gregor
- Bevilacqua Michele
- Biderman Stella
- Bischoff Sebastian
- Bogar Hayden
- Bojanowski Bartłomiej
- Bosma Maarten
- Bosscher Jelle
- Boudeman Joseph
- Bowman Samuel R.
- Brown Adam R.
- Burden John
- Buzan Dilyar
- Cain Mike
- Callison-Burch Chris
- Cameron Nicholas
- Casares Pablo Antonio Moreno
- Casey Sean
- Chang Ernie
- Chang Peter
- Chang Trenton
- Chen Angelica
- Chen Danqi
- Chen Derek
- Chen Qinlang
- Chen Yifu
- Chi Ethan A.
- Chi Nathan
- Chi Ryan
- Chiafullo Kristen
- Choi Yejin
- Chollet Francois
- Chu Eric
- Chua Joyce
- Cohen Michael
- Colón Luis Oliveros
- Constant Noah
- Contreras-Ochando Lidia
- Cubuk Ekin Dogus
- Dai Andrew
- Datta Debajyoti
- Debnath
- Deckers Niklas
- Dehaene Stanislas
- Delgado Ramón Risco
- Demberg Vera
- Desbordes Théo
- Dhole Kaustubh D.
- Diao Cameron
- Dillavou Sam
- Divic Stefan
- Dohan David
- Doiron Nick
- Donoway Elizabeth
- Doshi Parth
- Dour Cameron
- Drakard David
- Dsouza Amanda
- Dugan Liam
- Dyer Ethan
- Eckersley Peter
- Efrat Avia
- Ekmekci Berk
- Elbaghdadi Omar
- Emelin Denis
- Engel Jesse
- Erdem Aykut
- Erdem Erkut
- Ermon Stefano
- Evans Owain
- Farooqi Maheen
- Faruqui Manaal
- Fedus William
- Fiedel Noah
- Fisac Jaime Fernández
- Fisch Adam
- Frank Robert
- Freeman Daniel
- Frohberg Jörg
- Fung Pascale
- Gabriel Raefer
- Galijasevic Hana
- Ganguli Deep
- Gao Leo
- Garbacea Cristina
- Garg Rhythm
- Garrette Dan
- Garriga-Alonso Adrià
- Gehrmann Sebastian
- Geissinger Jack
- Gerstenberg Tobias
- Geva Mor
- Ghazarian Sarik
- Gheini Mozhdeh
- Gholamidavoodi Arash
- Ghosh Sayan
- Gilboa Dar
- Gimpel Kevin
- Giulianelli Mario
- González Daniel Moseguí
- Gopalakrishnan Karthik
- Gottardi Anna
- Gruetter Samuel
- Gu Michael
- Gu Shixiang Shane
- Gupta Aditya
- Gupta Animesh
- Gur-Ari Guy
- Habacker Rahel
- Hagen Matthias
- Hagerman Eleanor
- Hajishirzi Hannaneh
- Hamdan Shadi
- Han Sanghyun
- Hao Yiding
- Happé Francesca
- Hashimoto Tatsu
- Hatwar Sriharsha
- He Luheng
- Hedayatnia Behnam
- Hendrycks Dan
- Hernandez Danny
- Hernandez-Orallo Jose
- Herrick Austin
- Hilton Jacob
- Hoeve Maartje ter
- Hou Yu
- Hou Yufang
- Howald Blake
- Htut Phu Mon
- Hupkes Dieuwke
- Hussain Aman
- Hwang Pinyu
- Ignatyeva Katerina
- Inden Benjamin
- Ippolito Daphne
- Ivanitskiy Michael
- Iyer Anantharaman S.
- Iyer Niveditha S.
- Jacobs Rowan
- Jaimovitch-López Gonzalo
- Jerzak Ethan
- Jiang Angela
- Jones Joseph
- Jumelet Jaap
- Jurgens David
- Kale Mihir
- Kanclerz Kamil
- Kaplan Jared
- Karakaş Ayla
- Kernion Jackson
- Keskar Nitish Shirish
- Khashabi Daniel
- Khot Tushar
- Kilman Dan
- Kim Ethan
- Kim Hannah
- Kim Jeremy
- Kiritchenko Svetlana
- Kirubarajan Arun
- Kleyko Denis
- Kluska Agnieszka
- Kocoń Jan
- Kocurek Alexander W.
- Koppel James
- Kornev Timofei
- Krakover Neta Gur-Ari
- Krauth Karl
- Kruszewski Germán
- Kwatra Sanjeev
- La Andrew
- Lakretz Yair
- Lam Emma
- Lam Lucas
- Lampinen Andrew
- Leavitt Matthew L.
- LeBras Ronan
- Lee Dong-Ho
- Lee Jaehoon
- Lee Nayeon
- Lee Ryan
- Lee Soo-Hwan
- Levy Daniel
- Levy Omer
- Lewis Martha
- Lewkowycz Aitor
- Li Tao
- Liang Paul Pu
- Liang Percy
- Liao Peiyuan
- Lin Bill Yuchen
- Lin Stephanie
- Linzen Tal
- Liu Rosanne
- Livescu Karen
- Loe Bao Sheng
- Lyu Qing
- Madotto Andrea
- Makini Sneha Priscilla
- Manning Christopher D.
- Manyasi Eunice Engefu
- Marelli Marco
- Mariani Giorgio
- Markert Katja
- Marsh Jennifer
- Martínez-Plumed Fernando
- Maru Marco
- Mathewson Kory
- Mazeika Mantas
- McDonell Kyle
- McElrath Melvin
- Mehta Harsh
- Mei Qiaozhu
- Melo Gerard de
- Melzi Simone
- Menezes Arul
- Meng Chenlin
- Metz Luke
- Miller John
- Millière Raphaël
- Misherghi Summer
- Mishra Gaurav
- Mishra Swaroop
- Misra Diganta
- Misra Vedant
- Miłkowski Piotr
- Mohammad Saif M.
- Mollo Dimitri Coelho
- Morency Louis-Philippe
- Moschella Luca
- Muennighoff Niklas
- Mukund Varma T
- Mullokandov Asher
- Nangia Nikita
- Neeraj Trishala
- Neyshabur Behnam
- Ng Ian
- Nie Allen
- Nkinyili Tiberius
- Noble Isaac
- Noble Lucy
- Norelli Antonio
- Novak Roman
- Novikova Jekaterina
- Nyamai Victoria
- Oli Priti
- Omondi Kevin
- Pachchigar Shubh
- Padmakumar Vishakh
- Parascandolo Giambattista
- Parrish Alicia
- Patil Piyush
- Pavlick Ellie
- Peng Nanyun
- Perszyk Danielle
- Pezeshkpour Pouya
- Phan Thomas
- Phang Jason
- Piantadosi Steven T.
- Potthast Martin
- Potts Christopher
- Power Alethea
- Prabhu Vinay Uday
- Prasad Stephen
- Qin Lianhui
- Quintana Maria Jose Ramírez
- Radom Jarema
- Raffel Colin
- Rahane Ameet
- Ramasesh Vinay
- Ramirez Cindy
- Ramírez César Ferri
- Rao Abhishek
- Rashkin Hannah
- Rastogi Abhinav
- Rathkopf Charles
- Raunak Vikas
- Ray Alex
- Raymaekers Robbe
- Reddy Siva
- Ren Xiang
- Reynolds Laria
- Richardson Kyle
- Rivera Clara E.
- Roberts B. Ryan
- Roberts Nicholas
- Rodola Emanuele
- Rong Frieda
- Roth Dan
- Rothschild Theodore
- Rous Sarah A.
- Rozen Jos
- Rudolph Rachel Etta
- Rule Joshua S.
- Sabharwal Ashish
- Sadeghi Sepideh
- Safaya Ali
- Salakhutdinov Ruslan
- Santilli Andrea
- Santoro Adam
- Sap Maarten
- Saunders William
- Saurous Rif A.
- Schick Timo
- Schmidt Ludwig
- Schoenholz Samuel S.
- Schubert Mátyás
- Schuster Sebastian
- Schuster Tal
- Schütze Hinrich
- Segal Elad
- Seid Zachary
- Shaham Uri
- Shakeri Siamak
- Shen Xudong
- Shevlin Henry
- Shi Sherry
- Shieber Stuart M.
- Shkaruta Ksenia
- Shleifer Sam
- Shoeb Abu Awal Md
- Shridhar Kumar
- Shultz Tyler
- Shutova Ekaterina
- Shyamolima
- Siar Fatemeh
- Sikand Rohan
- Sileo Damien
- Simon James B.
- Singh Chandan
- Singh Shikhar
- Siro Clemencia
- Sitelew Roman
- Slone Ambrose
- Sohl-Dickstein Jascha
- Song Jiaming
- Song Yangqiu
- Srikumar Vivek
- Srivastava Aarohi
- Srivastava Shashank
- Starritt Michael
- Stein Benno
- Stinson Catherine
- Stovall Ryan
- Strube Michael
- Stuhlmüller Andreas
- Suzgun Mirac
- Swędrowski Michał
- Taal Jeroen
- Tabassum Arfa
- Tam Derek
- Tang Eric
- Tang Jillian
- Tazarv Ali
- Teehan Ryan
- Telleen-Lawton Timothy
- Tenenbaum Joshua B.
- Thompson Jana
- Thormeyer Simon
- Tiwari Mo
- Tolkiehn Marie
- Tong Xiaoyu
- Torene Spencer
- Toshniwal Shubham
- Tunduny Titus
- Upadhyay Shyam
- Venkatesh Anu
- Vicol Paul
- Voigt Christian
- Vossen Wout
- Vuong Anh
- Waites Chris
- Wang Gloria
- Wang Tianle
- Wang Zijian
- Wang Zijie J.
- Wang Zirui
- Warstadt Alex
- Waweru Joan
- Wei Jason
- Wen Nuan
- Winata Genta Indra
- Wiseman Sam
- Wong Hugh Mee
- Wu Chiyu
- Wu Te-Lin
- Wu Xinyi
- Wu Ziyi
- Xia Fanyue
- Xiang Alice
- Xu Jiacheng
- Xu Mimee
- Yaghoobzadeh Yadollah
- Yakura Hiromu
- Yang Diyi
- Yang Rylan
- Yang Yichi
- Yasunaga Michihiro
- Yee Michael A.
- Yosinski Jason
- Yu Tao
- Yuret Deniz
- Zhang Hongming
- Zhang Li
- Zhang Oliver
- Zhang Rui
- Zhang William
- Zhao Xinran
- Zhao Zhuoye
- Zheltonozhskii Evgenii
- Zheng James
- Zhou Sharon
- Zoph Barret
- Zou Andy
- Zou James
- Özyurt Batuhan
- Şenel Lütfi Kerem
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 09/06/2022
- Field of study
Language models demonstrate both quantitative improvement and new qualitative capabilities with increasing scale. Despite their potentially transformative impact, these new capabilities are as yet poorly characterized. In order to inform future research, prepare for disruptive new model capabilities, and ameliorate socially harmful effects, it is vital that we understand the present and near-future capabilities and limitations of language models. To address this challenge, we introduce the Beyond the Imitation Game benchmark (BIG-bench). BIG-bench currently consists of 204 tasks, contributed by 442 authors across 132 institutions. Task topics are diverse, drawing problems from linguistics, childhood development, math, common-sense reasoning, biology, physics, social bias, software development, and beyond. BIG-bench focuses on tasks that are believed to be beyond the capabilities of current language models. We evaluate the behavior of OpenAI's GPT models, Google-internal dense transformer architectures, and Switch-style sparse transformers on BIG-bench, across model sizes spanning millions to hundreds of billions of parameters. In addition, a team of human expert raters performed all tasks in order to provide a strong baseline. Findings include: model performance and calibration both improve with scale, but are poor in absolute terms (and when compared with rater performance); performance is remarkably similar across model classes, though with benefits from sparsity; tasks that improve gradually and predictably commonly involve a large knowledge or memorization component, whereas tasks that exhibit "breakthrough" behavior at a critical scale often involve multiple steps or components, or brittle metrics; social bias typically increases with scale in settings with ambiguous context, but this can be improved with prompting
Beyond the Imitation Game: Quantifying and extrapolating the capabilities of language models
- Author
- Abid Abubakar
- Agarwal Akshat
- Agha Omar
- Alabi Jesujoba
- Ali Tariq
- Alipoormolabashi Pegah
- Aminnaseri Moin
- Anand Sajant
- Andreassen Anders
- Arakawa Riku
- Argueta Cedrick
- Arnaud Melody
- Asaadi Shima
- Ashcraft Courtney
- Askell Amanda
- Bahri Yasaman
- Bai Yuntao
- Baitemirova Medina Orduna
- Balis John U.
- Banjade Rabin
- Bansal Mohit
- Baral Chitta
- Barnes Elizabeth
- Barnes Richard
- Baturan Marco
- Belinkov Yonatan
- Berant Jonathan
- Betz Gregor
- Bevilacqua Michele
- Biderman Stella
- Bischoff Sebastian
- Bogar Hayden
- Bojanowski Bartłomiej
- Bosma Maarten
- Bosscher Jelle
- Boudeman Joseph
- Bowman Samuel R.
- Brown Adam R.
- Burden John
- Buzan Dilyar
- Cain Mike
- Callison-Burch Chris
- Cameron Nicholas
- Casares Pablo Antonio Moreno
- Casey Sean
- Chang Ernie
- Chang Peter
- Chang Trenton
- Chen Angelica
- Chen Danqi
- Chen Derek
- Chen Qinlang
- Chen Yifu
- Chi Ethan A.
- Chi Nathan
- Chi Ryan
- Chiafullo Kristen
- Choi Yejin
- Chollet Francois
- Chu Eric
- Chua Joyce
- Cohen Michael
- Colón Luis Oliveros
- Constant Noah
- Contreras-Ochando Lidia
- Cubuk Ekin Dogus
- Dai Andrew
- Datta Debajyoti
- de Melo Gerard
- Debnath
- Deckers Niklas
- Dehaene Stanislas
- Delgado Ramón Risco
- Demberg Vera
- Desbordes Théo
- Dhole Kaustubh D.
- Diao Cameron
- Dillavou Sam
- Divic Stefan
- Dohan David
- Doiron Nick
- Donoway Elizabeth
- Doshi Parth
- Dour Cameron
- Drakard David
- Dsouza Amanda
- Dugan Liam
- Dyer Ethan
- Eckersley Peter
- Efrat Avia
- Ekmekci Berk
- Elbaghdadi Omar
- Emelin Denis
- Engel Jesse
- Erdem Aykut
- Erdem Erkut
- Ermon Stefano
- Evans Owain
- Farooqi Maheen
- Faruqui Manaal
- Fedus William
- Fiedel Noah
- Fisac Jaime Fernández
- Fisch Adam
- Frank Robert
- Freeman Daniel
- Frohberg Jörg
- Fung Pascale
- Gabriel Raefer
- Galijasevic Hana
- Ganguli Deep
- Gao Leo
- Garbacea Cristina
- Garg Rhythm
- Garrette Dan
- Garriga-Alonso Adrià
- Gehrmann Sebastian
- Geissinger Jack
- Gerstenberg Tobias
- Geva Mor
- Ghazarian Sarik
- Gheini Mozhdeh
- Gholamidavoodi Arash
- Ghosh Sayan
- Gilboa Dar
- Gimpel Kevin
- Giulianelli Mario
- González Daniel Moseguí
- Gopalakrishnan Karthik
- Gottardi Anna
- Gruetter Samuel
- Gu Michael
- Gu Shixiang Shane
- Gupta Aditya
- Gupta Animesh
- Gur-Ari Guy
- Habacker Rahel
- Hagen Matthias
- Hagerman Eleanor
- Hajishirzi Hannaneh
- Hamdan Shadi
- Han Sanghyun
- Hao Yiding
- Happé Francesca
- Hashimoto Tatsu
- Hatwar Sriharsha
- He Luheng
- Hedayatnia Behnam
- Hendrycks Dan
- Hernandez Danny
- Hernandez-Orallo Jose
- Herrick Austin
- Hilton Jacob
- Hou Yu
- Hou Yufang
- Howald Blake
- Htut Phu Mon
- Hupkes Dieuwke
- Hussain Aman
- Hwang Pinyu
- Ignatyeva Katerina
- Inden Benjamin
- Ippolito Daphne
- Ivanitskiy Michael
- Iyer Anantharaman S.
- Iyer Niveditha S.
- Jacobs Rowan
- Jaimovitch-López Gonzalo
- Jerzak Ethan
- Jiang Angela
- Jones Joseph
- Jumelet Jaap
- Jurgens David
- Kale Mihir
- Kanclerz Kamil
- Kaplan Jared
- Karakaş Ayla
- Kernion Jackson
- Keskar Nitish Shirish
- Khashabi Daniel
- Khot Tushar
- Kilman Dan
- Kim Ethan
- Kim Hannah
- Kim Jeremy
- Kiritchenko Svetlana
- Kirubarajan Arun
- Kleyko Denis
- Kluska Agnieszka
- Kocoń Jan
- Kocurek Alexander W.
- Koppel James
- Kornev Timofei
- Krakover Neta Gur-Ari
- Krauth Karl
- Kruszewski Germán
- Kwatra Sanjeev
- La Andrew
- Lakretz Yair
- Lam Emma
- Lam Lucas
- Lampinen Andrew
- Leavitt Matthew L.
- LeBras Ronan
- Lee Dong-Ho
- Lee Jaehoon
- Lee Nayeon
- Lee Ryan
- Lee Soo-Hwan
- Levy Daniel
- Levy Omer
- Lewis Martha
- Lewkowycz Aitor
- Li Tao
- Liang Paul Pu
- Liang Percy
- Liao Peiyuan
- Lin Bill Yuchen
- Lin Stephanie
- Linzen Tal
- Liu Rosanne
- Livescu Karen
- Loe Bao Sheng
- Lyu Qing
- Madotto Andrea
- Makini Sneha Priscilla
- Manning Christopher D.
- Manyasi Eunice Engefu
- Marelli Marco
- Mariani Giorgio
- Markert Katja
- Marsh Jennifer
- Martínez-Plumed Fernando
- Maru Marco
- Mathewson Kory
- Mazeika Mantas
- McDonell Kyle
- McElrath Melvin
- Mehta Harsh
- Mei Qiaozhu
- Melzi Simone
- Menezes Arul
- Meng Chenlin
- Metz Luke
- Miller John
- Millière Raphaël
- Misherghi Summer
- Mishra Gaurav
- Mishra Swaroop
- Misra Diganta
- Misra Vedant
- Miłkowski Piotr
- Mohammad Saif M.
- Mollo Dimitri Coelho
- Morency Louis-Philippe
- Moschella Luca
- Muennighoff Niklas
- Mullokandov Asher
- Nangia Nikita
- Neeraj Trishala
- Neyshabur Behnam
- Ng Ian
- Nie Allen
- Nkinyili Tiberius
- Noble Isaac
- Noble Lucy
- Norelli Antonio
- Novak Roman
- Novikova Jekaterina
- Nyamai Victoria
- Oli Priti
- Omondi Kevin
- Pachchigar Shubh
- Padmakumar Vishakh
- Parascandolo Giambattista
- Parrish Alicia
- Patil Piyush
- Pavlick Ellie
- Peng Nanyun
- Perszyk Danielle
- Pezeshkpour Pouya
- Phan Thomas
- Phang Jason
- Piantadosi Steven T.
- Potthast Martin
- Potts Christopher
- Power Alethea
- Prabhu Vinay Uday
- Prasad Stephen
- Qin Lianhui
- Quintana Maria Jose Ramírez
- Radom Jarema
- Raffel Colin
- Rahane Ameet
- Ramasesh Vinay
- Ramirez Cindy
- Ramírez César Ferri
- Rao Abhishek
- Rashkin Hannah
- Rastogi Abhinav
- Rathkopf Charles
- Raunak Vikas
- Ray Alex
- Raymaekers Robbe
- Reddy Siva
- Ren Xiang
- Reynolds Laria
- Richardson Kyle
- Rivera Clara E.
- Roberts B. Ryan
- Roberts Nicholas
- Rodola Emanuele
- Rong Frieda
- Roth Dan
- Rothschild Theodore
- Rous Sarah A.
- Rozen Jos
- Rudolph Rachel Etta
- Rule Joshua S.
- Sabharwal Ashish
- Sadeghi Sepideh
- Safaya Ali
- Salakhutdinov Ruslan
- Santilli Andrea
- Santoro Adam
- Sap Maarten
- Saunders William
- Saurous Rif A.
- Schick Timo
- Schmidt Ludwig
- Schoenholz Samuel S.
- Schubert Mátyás
- Schuster Sebastian
- Schuster Tal
- Schütze Hinrich
- Segal Elad
- Seid Zachary
- Shaham Uri
- Shakeri Siamak
- Shen Xudong
- Shevlin Henry
- Shi Sherry
- Shieber Stuart M.
- Shkaruta Ksenia
- Shleifer Sam
- Shoeb Abu Awal Md
- Shridhar Kumar
- Shultz Tyler
- Shutova Ekaterina
- Shyamolima
- Siar Fatemeh
- Sikand Rohan
- Sileo Damien
- Simon James B.
- Singh Chandan
- Singh Sahib
- Singh Shikhar
- Siro Clemencia
- Sitelew Roman
- Slone Ambrose
- Sohl-Dickstein Jascha
- Song Jiaming
- Song Yangqiu
- Srikumar Vivek
- Srivastava Aarohi
- Srivastava Shashank
- Starritt Michael
- Stein Benno
- Stinson Catherine
- Stovall Ryan
- Strube Michael
- Stuhlmüller Andreas
- Suzgun Mirac
- Swędrowski Michał
- T Mukund Varma
- Taal Jeroen
- Tabassum Arfa
- Tam Derek
- Tang Eric
- Tang Jillian
- Tazarv Ali
- Teehan Ryan
- Telleen-Lawton Timothy
- Tenenbaum Joshua B.
- ter Hoeve Maartje
- Thompson Jana
- Thormeyer Simon
- Tiwari Mo
- Tolkiehn Marie
- Tong Xiaoyu
- Torene Spencer
- Toshniwal Shubham
- Tunduny Titus
- Upadhyay Shyam
- Venkatesh Anu
- Vicol Paul
- Voigt Christian
- Vossen Wout
- Vuong Anh
- Waites Chris
- Wang Gloria
- Wang Tianle
- Wang Zijian
- Wang Zijie J.
- Wang Zirui
- Warstadt Alex
- Waweru Joan
- Wei Jason
- Wen Nuan
- Winata Genta Indra
- Wiseman Sam
- Wong Hugh Mee
- Wu Chiyu
- Wu Te-Lin
- Wu Xinyi
- Wu Ziyi
- Xia Fanyue
- Xiang Alice
- Xu Jiacheng
- Xu Mimee
- Yaghoobzadeh Yadollah
- Yakura Hiromu
- Yang Diyi
- Yang Rylan
- Yang Yichi
- Yasunaga Michihiro
- Yee Michael A.
- Yosinski Jason
- Yu Tao
- Yuret Deniz
- Zhang Hongming
- Zhang Li
- Zhang Oliver
- Zhang Rui
- Zhang William
- Zhao Xinran
- Zhao Zhuoye
- Zheltonozhskii Evgenii
- Zheng James
- Zhou Sharon
- Zoph Barret
- Zou Andy
- Zou James
- Özyurt Batuhan
- Şenel Lütfi Kerem
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 09/06/2022
- Field of study
Language models demonstrate both quantitative improvement and new qualitative
capabilities with increasing scale. Despite their potentially transformative
impact, these new capabilities are as yet poorly characterized. In order to
inform future research, prepare for disruptive new model capabilities, and
ameliorate socially harmful effects, it is vital that we understand the present
and near-future capabilities and limitations of language models. To address
this challenge, we introduce the Beyond the Imitation Game benchmark
(BIG-bench). BIG-bench currently consists of 204 tasks, contributed by 442
authors across 132 institutions. Task topics are diverse, drawing problems from
linguistics, childhood development, math, common-sense reasoning, biology,
physics, social bias, software development, and beyond. BIG-bench focuses on
tasks that are believed to be beyond the capabilities of current language
models. We evaluate the behavior of OpenAI's GPT models, Google-internal dense
transformer architectures, and Switch-style sparse transformers on BIG-bench,
across model sizes spanning millions to hundreds of billions of parameters. In
addition, a team of human expert raters performed all tasks in order to provide
a strong baseline. Findings include: model performance and calibration both
improve with scale, but are poor in absolute terms (and when compared with
rater performance); performance is remarkably similar across model classes,
though with benefits from sparsity; tasks that improve gradually and
predictably commonly involve a large knowledge or memorization component,
whereas tasks that exhibit "breakthrough" behavior at a critical scale often
involve multiple steps or components, or brittle metrics; social bias typically
increases with scale in settings with ambiguous context, but this can be
improved with prompting.Comment: 27 pages, 17 figures + references and appendices, repo:
https://github.com/google/BIG-benc
Contributory presentations/posters
- Author
- A. A. Tikhomirov
- A. Amadei
- A. Bhattacharya
- A. Bogdanov
- A. C. Campos de Carvalho
- A. C. Mauricio
- A. C. Mauricio
- A. Cole
- A. D. Beniaminov
- A. D. Kaulen
- A. Di Nola
- A. Di Nola
- A. Emanuele
- A. Faraone
- A. G. Degermendzhy
- A. G. Sizykh
- A. G. Tonevitsky
- A. German
- A. Gries
- A. H. Parola
- A. Holzenburg
- A. I. El-Awadi
- A. I. Kuzmenko
- A. Ishino
- A. J. W. G. Visser
- A. J. Wein
- A. Jellali
- A. Johnson
- A. K. Bandyopadhyay
- A. K. Basak
- A. K. Basak
- A. K. Bera
- A. K. Bera
- A. K. Mishra
- A. K. Mishra
- A. K. Pal
- A. K. Pal
- A. K. Sharma
- A. K. Singh
- A. K. Tonkikh
- A. Khachatryan
- A. Kumar
- A. L. Barker
- A. L. Shvaleva
- A. M. Eissa
- A. M. Lynn
- A. M. Rebelo da Costa
- A. N. Antonovich
- A. Nandy
- A. Ongarbaev
- A. Pande
- A. Pramanik
- A. S. Dukhin
- A. S. Ghatpande
- A. Saitoh
- A. Sarai
- A. Sarai
- A. Spisni
- A. Srinivasan
- A. Srintvasan
- A. Surolia
- A. Surolia
- A. Takahashi
- A. Tikhonov
- A. V. Avetisyan
- A. Yayon
- A. Zanina
- Abdalla S. Ahmed
- Abraham H. Parola
- Achintya Das
- Adrian Neagu
- Adrian Neagu
- Adriana Solovicova
- Akira Goto
- Akira R. Kinjo
- Alan J. Waring
- Alberto Furia
- Alex Ninaber
- Alexander A. Yaroslavov
- Alexander V. Chalyi
- Alexandra Dinu
- Alexandra T. Balaban
- Alexandra Zahradniková
- Alexei N. Vasil’ev
- Alexey Surin
- Alfred Pingoud
- Alfredo Di Nola
- Almeida Rodrigo
- Amal K. Bera
- Amita Joshi
- Amitabha Chattopadhyay
- Amitabha Chattopadhyay
- Amy B. Heagle
- Ana Damjanović
- Andrew Badley
- Andrew Thompson
- Andrey V. Krylov
- András Dér
- András Hámori
- András Szilágyi
- Anil K. Singh
- Anil K. Singh
- Anil Kumar
- Anil Saran
- Anirban Ghosh
- Anjana Sen
- Anna Gabrielian
- Annie Morin
- Antonella Bandiera
- Anunay Samanta
- Anurae Varshney
- Anwer Mujeeb
- Araken S. Werneck
- Arghya Ray
- Arghya Ray
- Arijitt Borthakur
- Arima Fukunishi
- Arun Gidwani
- Arvi Freiberg
- Ashesh Nandy
- Ashish Arora
- Ashoke Ranjan Thakur
- Ashoke Ranjan Thakur
- Asok Baneriee
- Asok Baneriee
- Astrid Gräslund
- Astushi Nakagawa
- Atsushi Ohnishi
- Atta Ahmad
- Atta Ahmad
- Atta Ahmad
- Avadhesha Surolia
- Ayumu Saito
- B. -L. Johansson
- B. A. Feniouk
- B. A. Salakhutdinov
- B. A. Tashmukhamedov
- B. Aksakal
- B. Aktas
- B. Constantinescu
- B. D. Nageswara Rao
- B. D. Nageswara Rao
- B. Dalcin
- B. E. Davidson
- B. Hu
- B. I. Kurganov
- B. J. Premraj
- B. J. Premraj
- B. J. Rao
- B. Javaram
- B. K. Biswal
- B. Lesyng
- B. Lesyng
- B. Libisch
- B. Lortz
- B. N. Pandev
- B. P. Mukhopadhyay
- B. P. Mukhopadhyay
- B. P. S. Kang
- B. Padmanabhaa
- B. R. Pattnaik
- B. Raman
- B. S. Prabhananda
- B. Sengupta
- B. Sengupta
- B. Sundaravadivel
- B. Sundaravadivel
- B. T. Sagdullaev
- B. Terry
- B. Vallone
- B. W. Treijtel
- B. Žekš
- Balwinder Singh
- Barbara Ciani
- Bas Gobets
- Basuthkar J. Rao
- Basuthkar J. Rao
- Bengt Norden
- Berenice Venegas-Cotero
- Bernadette Heyd
- Bernard S. Gerstman
- Bernd Mayer
- Bina Chandani
- Bindu Pillai
- Bindu Pillay
- Bishnu P. Chatterjee
- Bishnu P. Chatterjee
- Bojan Božič
- Bonn Kirn
- Boojala V. B. Reddy
- Boris S. Zhorov
- Borys Kierdaszuk
- Bosco Ho
- Boštjan Žekš
- Brian D. Gute
- C. Barrias
- C. Barrias
- C. Branca
- C. Cohen-Addad
- C. Corsso
- C. Cortez-Maghelly
- C. E. Naylor
- C. ElHamel
- C. G. Suresh
- C. Hariharan
- C. L. Khetrapal
- C. Lupusoru
- C. Naylor
- C. P. Winlove
- C. R. Grace
- C. Ramakrishnan
- C. Ratna Prabha
- C. Savino
- C. Sivakama Sundari
- C. Tetreau
- C. Tetreau
- C. Travaglini-Allocatelli
- Calin Apetrei
- Carlo Knupp
- Ch. Betzel
- Ch. Betzel
- Ch. Mohan Rao
- Ch. Mohan Rao
- Chanchal K. Mitra
- Chatar Singh
- Chiara Suraci
- Chicko Nakazawal
- Chittoor P. Swaminathan
- Christoph Schick
- Christy A. Thomson
- Claudia Capurro
- Cor J. A. M. Wolfs
- Cornelis W. Hilbers
- Cécile Breyton
- D. Balasubramanian
- D. Bulone
- D. Bulone
- D. Cucu
- D. Flatters
- D. G. Weiss
- D. Gazdaru
- D. Genest
- D. Heitzmann
- D. Hicks
- D. Isabey
- D. J. Stratimirovic
- D. K. Bharadwaj
- D. K. Chang
- D. Lairez
- D. Lairez
- D. Lavalette
- D. Loganathan
- D. M. Salunke
- D. Macherel
- D. Martin
- D. Mihailescu
- D. N. Woolfeon
- D. N. Woolfson
- D. N. Woolfson
- D. O’Hare
- D. P. Millar
- D. Pines
- D. R. Alieva
- D. Roccatano
- D. S. Gurumurthy
- D. S. Moss
- D. Savitri
- D. Sriram
- D. Tchitchkan
- D. V. S. Jain
- D. Yu. Rogozin
- David C. Cullen
- David D. Thomas
- David L. Beveridge
- David Opitz
- David Stopar
- Debashree Bandyopadhyay
- Debashree Bandyopadhyay
- Deborah Keszenman
- Deepak Nair
- Deepak Sharma
- Deepak Sharma
- Deepti Jain
- Deepti Jain
- Deepti Warrier
- Delphine Flatters
- Denise Mills
- Derek N. Woolfson
- Devapriva Choudhury
- Devesh Kumar
- Devesh Kumar
- Dhananjay Bhattacharyya
- Dhananjay Bhattacharyya
- Diana Lungeanu
- Diederichs
- Dietmar J. Manstein
- Dietmar J. Manstein
- Digambar V. Behere
- Dinakar M. Salunke
- Dinakar M. Salunke
- Dinakar M. Salunke
- Dinesh Singh
- Dipti Marathe
- Dong-cai Liang
- Dragan Amic
- Drago Beslo
- Dubravka Krilov
- Dušanka Janežič
- Dénes Lőrinczv
- E. A. Chernitsky
- E. A. Chernitsky
- E. A. Lycholat
- E. A. Lycholat
- E. Carmen Candreva
- E. D. Getzoff
- E. Dé
- E. E. F. Haya
- E. E. Laukhina
- E. E. Minyat
- E. E. Pohl
- E. G. Alirzayeva
- E. Gornik
- E. I. Kovalenko
- E. I. Slobozhanina
- E. K. Matthews
- E. L. de Beer
- E. Loots
- E. M. Zaitseva
- E. M. Zaitseva
- E. M. Zdobnov
- E. N. Esimbekova
- E. Neu
- E. P. Passos
- E. Papp
- E. Pauthe
- E. Pines
- E. Planus
- E. R. Kandimalla
- E. Sackmann
- E. Savio-Galimberti
- E. T. Tadjibaeva
- E. V. Gritsenko
- E. V. Nemtseva
- E. Y. Isacoff
- Ed Morris
- Eglė Merkienė
- Eimer Tuite
- Elena A. Kotova
- Eleonora Marsich
- Elia Nunes
- Elia Nunes
- Elisa Del Terra
- Elisabeth Adjadj
- Elizabeth A. Doherty
- Elmar Weinhold
- Eric Ezra
- Erich Staudegger
- Erik M. Shapiro
- Erik R. P. Zuiderweg
- Erisa Harada
- Ernesto R. Caffarena
- Essa Alfahel
- Eugenia Kovacs
- Eugenia Kovacs
- Eva Urbánková
- Evans Coutinho
- Evans Coutinho
- F. Barceló
- F. Cutruzzolà
- F. de Paula
- F. Galtet
- F. M. Ali
- F. M. El-Refaei
- F. Nomura
- F. Pichierri
- F. Sevšek
- F. Tama
- Fateh S. Nandel
- Fateh S. Nandel
- Franciska Könczöl
- Franco Quadrifoglio
- Frank A. Ferrone
- Frauke Christ
- Fumi Takazawatt
- Fumimasa Nomura
- Fuyuhiko Inagaki
- G. A. Nagana Gowda
- G. A. Spooner
- G. Arcovito
- G. Benedek
- G. Björk
- G. C. Papageorgiou
- G. Chakshusmathi
- G. Garab
- G. Gomišček
- G. Govil
- G. Govil
- G. H. Rossmanith
- G. Horváth
- G. I. Mihalas
- G. Karthikeyan
- G. Kratz
- G. Krishnamoorthy
- G. Krishnamoorthy
- G. M. Kostner
- G. Macovievici
- G. Maisano
- G. Molle
- G. N. Semenkova
- G. Nagenagowda
- G. O. Nobuhiro
- G. P. Gorbeako
- G. P. S. Raghava
- G. Potikyan
- G. Ravindra Kumar
- G. S. Kalacheva
- G. S. Lakshmikanth
- G. Thiel
- G. Titescu
- G. Uretzky
- G. V. Donchenko
- G. Wübeller
- Gabor Tigyi
- Gary D. Bernard
- Geetanjali Bansal
- Geetha Gopalakrishnan
- Gennady V. Semisotnov
- Giedrius Vilkaitis
- Giorgio Forti
- Giorgio Forti
- Giorgio Manzini
- Giovanni Finazzi
- Girish S. Ratnaparkhi
- Girjesh Govil
- Girjesh Govil
- Gong Yandao
- Gopal Khetawat
- Goran Bačić
- Gosu Ramachandraiah
- Gota Kawai
- Gotam K. Jarori
- Gottfried Köhler
- Gotz Pilarczyk
- Gouri S. Jas
- Gregory D. Grunwald
- Greta Pifat
- Guilhem Lerat
- Gunjan Agarwal
- Győző Garab
- Gábor Horváth
- H. Aiba
- H. Amenitsch
- H. Arakelian
- H. Berry
- H. Berry
- H. Blom
- H. C. Pant
- H. Chosrowjan
- H. Dreyfus
- H. Fujita
- H. G. Ferreira
- H. Gilboa
- H. Hama-Inaba
- H. Hermel
- H. Hotani
- H. Hotani
- H. Hotani
- H. Ichinose
- H. J. C. Berendsen
- H. Jörnvall
- H. Kleszczyńska
- H. Kono
- H. Kono
- H. M. Pike
- H. M. Sonawat
- H. Matsuo
- H. Mori
- H. Möhwald
- H. N. Mallick
- H. Ohshima
- H. Ohyama
- H. S. Atreya
- H. S. Savithri
- H. Tagami
- H. Tochio
- H. Uedaira
- H. Uedaira
- H. Van Dael
- Han-qing Zhou
- Hana Bartošková
- Hang-fang Feng
- Hans A. Heus
- Haripada Maity
- Harpreet Kaur
- HE. Sngrvan
- Heinz Sklenar
- Heinz Welfle
- Henri Grosjean
- Henri Grosjean
- Herbert Lijima
- Herbert van Amerongen
- Herman J. C. Berendsen
- Herman J. C. Berendsen
- Hidefumi Kitazawa
- Hideo Akutsu
- Hideo Akutsu
- Hidetake Miyata
- Hiroaki Hirata
- Hirokazu Hotani
- Hirokazu Hotani
- Hiromasa Yagi
- Hironori Nakamura
- Hiroshi Kihara
- Hiroshi Nakashima
- Hirotomo Takaesu
- Hong-Wei Wang
- Hong-Wei Wang
- Hubert Thole
- I. A. Lopes
- I. A. Nikolenko
- I. A. Zalyvsky
- I. D. Volotovski
- I. Dey
- I. E. Sukovataya
- I. F. Fraceto
- I. Haulica
- I. Hayata
- I. I. Agapov
- I. M. Guseinova
- I. Morisima
- I. P. Sugar
- I. Radulcscu
- I. S. Zulfugarov
- I. Simidjiev
- I. Stefanescu
- I. V. Sokolova
- I. Venekei
- Ileana Petcu
- Ilya N. Shindylov
- Indira H. Shrivastava
- Indra Brata Jha
- Ira
- Isao Tanaka
- Ishida Masaru
- István Pomozi
- Ivan Dimitrov
- Ivan Ortega Blake
- Ivan Tahradník
- Ivan Zahradník
- Ivo H. M. van Stokkum
- J. A. Aliev
- J. A. Hypolite
- J. A. Khan
- J. A. Lebrón
- J. An
- J. An
- J. Antosiewicz
- J. Balaji
- J. Barchir
- J. Bourguignon
- J. Chapman
- J. de Xammar Oro
- J. E. Ponce-Homos
- J. F. Eccelston
- J. F. Y. Hoh
- J. G. Molotkovsky
- J. Guharay
- J. Guharay
- J. Guharay
- J. Holm
- J. K. Mohana Rao
- J. Kardos
- J. King
- J. Kuczera
- J. L. Ambrus
- J. P. Gardner
- J. P. Reeves
- J. P. Reeves
- J. Pande
- J. Payne
- J. Pelta
- J. Pelta
- J. Pines
- J. Portugal
- J. R. Grigera
- J. Raul Grigera
- J. S. Singh
- J. Sahel
- J. Shobini
- J. Sun
- J. T. Eaton
- J. Usukura
- J. V. Macpherson
- J. W. Borst
- J. Wahren
- J. Walahaw
- J. Walshaw
- J. Widengren
- J. Štrancar
- James Hofrichter
- Jan Nauš
- Jana Pavelková
- Janko N. Herak
- Jayson Gesme
- Jennifer A. Doudna
- Jens Linge
- Jeremy J. Ramsden
- Jerome Pinkner
- Ji-hua Wang
- Ji-ping Zhang
- Joachim Frank
- Joanna Trvlska
- John Barry
- John M. Squire
- John S. Leigh
- John Sandblom
- John Squire
- Jonathan Penoyar
- Jos Berends
- Joseph Belagyi
- Joseph Tigyi
- Joydip Das
- Jozef Sevcik
- Joël Mispelter
- Juan A. Subirana
- Juan Aymami
- Julia Goodfellow
- Julia M. Goodfellow
- Jun Funahashi
- Jure Derganc
- Juris Galvanovskis
- Jvoti U. Gaikwad
- Jyoti Gaikwad
- Jyoti Makker
- Jörg H. Kleinschmidt
- K. Anton Feenstra
- K. C. Chadha
- K. Chadha
- K. Chandrasekhar
- K. Choi
- K. E. Kruglyakova
- K. Ekberg
- K. Filipin
- K. Gerwert
- K. Ginalski
- K. Haginoya
- K. I. Bogutska
- K. K. Kannan
- K. K. Thompson
- K. Murata
- K. N. Rao
- K. Nagayaka
- K. Noyelle
- K. O. Greulich
- K. P. Madhusudan
- K. P. Mishra
- K. P. Mishra
- K. P. Mishra
- K. Purnapatre
- K. Rajaraman
- K. Razi Naqvi
- K. Saikrishnan
- K. Sayano
- K. Sekar
- K. Sridevi
- K. Suguna
- K. Suguna
- K. T. G. Ferreira
- K. Takiguchi
- K. Takiguchi
- K. Takiguchi
- K. Tsuchihashi
- K. V. R. Chary
- K. V. R. Chary
- K. V. R. Chary
- K. V. R. Chary
- K. V. R. Chary
- K. V. Ramanathan
- K. V. Ramanathan
- K. Veluraia
- K. Veluraja
- K. Zeth
- Kacko Tozawa
- Kailas D. Sonawane
- Kamakura
- Kanal B. Roy
- Kandala V. R. Chary
- Kanika Basak
- Kannan
- Kanury V. S. Rao
- Kanwal J. Kaur
- Kanwaljeet Kaur
- Kanwaljeet Kaur
- Kaoru Obuchi
- Karin Welfle
- Karina Roxana Iliescu
- Karl Freeman
- Karl Lohner
- Karoly Liliom
- Kartha S. Madhusudnan
- Kartha S. Madhusudnan
- Katsuhide Yutani
- Katsuhide Yutani
- Katsutoshi Nitta
- Katsutoshi Nitta
- Kavita Singh
- Kazufumi Takano
- Kazufumi Takano
- Kazumoto Kimura
- Kazuo Ohki
- Kazuo Ohki
- Kedar Nath Ghimire
- Keiichi Kawano
- Keiko Matsuda
- Ken Nishikawa
- Ken Nishikawa
- Kent Jørgensen
- Kevin McConnell
- Kimitsuna Watanabe
- Kingo Takiguchi
- Kiyoshi Mishima
- Klaus Schulten
- Koichi Nishigaki
- Koichi Nishigaki
- Koichi Nishigaki
- Koji Ichihara
- Koji Kinoshita
- Koodathingal Prakash
- Koodathingal Prakash
- Kotoko Nakata
- Krishnan Balasubramanian
- Kuang Tingyun
- Kunihiro Kuwajima
- Kunihiro Taira
- Kunio Hikichi
- Kõu Timpmann
- L. A. Kasumova
- L. G. Mitskevich
- L. Gráf
- L. La Fata
- L. M. Lukyanenko
- L. Mustárdy
- L. Mustárdy
- L. O. Dubitsky
- L. Radu
- L. S. Rath
- L. S. Vovkanvch
- L. Sieker
- L. Ya. Gendel
- L. Ya. Gendel
- Lalankumar Sinha
- Larry R. Jones
- Lars Edman
- Lata Panicker
- Latal Shukla
- Laurent E. Dardenne
- Laxma G. Ready
- Leizl F. Sapico
- Lennart Nilsson
- Leš Fajmut
- Li Yang
- Ling Bei
- Loice H. Jeyakumar
- Loránd Kelemen
- Lou -Sing Kan
- Loura Luis
- Lucy Malinina
- Luigi Xodo
- Luigi Xodo
- Lukas K. Tamm
- Lynne Regan
- László Farkas
- László Oroszi
- M. A. Ismayilov
- M. Aida
- M. Akivama
- M. Alcolea Palafox
- M. B. Palma-Vittorelli
- M. Balasubramanyam
- M. Bidva Sagar
- M. Bleich
- M. Blommers
- M. Brunori
- M. C. Donnamaria
- M. Canturk
- M. Ch. Michailov
- M. Condrescu
- M. D. Sastry
- M. De Spirito
- M. Degaonkar
- M. DiSanto
- M. Elanthiraiyan
- M. Faure
- M. G. Jeremić
- M. Gonsalves
- M. Gromiha
- M. Gulnaz Begum
- M. I. El Gohary
- M. I. Khan
- M. J. Padya
- M. Joniau
- M. K. Mathew
- M. K. Rahman
- M. K. Raval
- M. Khubchandani
- M. Klevets
- M. L. Cornélio
- M. Ljubisavljevic
- M. M. Ahmed
- M. M. Talaat
- M. Mangoni
- M. Manno
- M. Manno
- M. Michael Gromiha
- M. Michael Gromiha
- M. Mishina
- M. Mori
- M. Nagata
- M. Nealen
- M. Neuburger
- M. Nukaga
- M. Oobatake
- M. P. Bansal
- M. P. N. Nair
- M. Paramasivam
- M. Poppofl
- M. Pregetter
- M. R. Bugs
- M. R. Knight
- M. R. N. Murthy
- M. R. Rajeswari
- M. Radu
- M. Ramrakhiani
- M. S. P. Sansom
- M. Sharique Zahida Waheed Deva
- M. Sharma
- M. Shirakawa
- M. Srinivasan
- M. Srinivasan
- M. Sundaralingam
- M. Suzuki
- M. Tourbez
- M. Tourbez
- M. U. Palma
- M. Uhlén
- M. V. Hosur
- M. V. Hosur
- M. V. Hosur
- M. V. Jagannadham
- M. V. Kosevich
- M. V. Sholukh
- M. V. Zamaraeva
- M. Vijayan
- M. Vijayan
- M. Vijayan
- M. Vijayan
- M. Wojciechowski
- M. Xavier Suresh
- M. Ye. Tolstorukov
- M. Zamai
- M. Šentiurc
- Maciej Geller
- Madhavan P. N. Nair
- Madhusudan
- Mahaveer N. Degaonkar
- Mahesh Kumar
- Mahua Gliosli
- Mainak Majumder
- Maja R. Djurisic
- Makoto Demura
- Mamata H. Kombrabail
- Man Naus
- Manfred Kriechbaum
- Manisha Goel
- Manju Bansal
- Manjuli R. Sharma
- Manoj Semwal
- Marc A. Ceruso
- Marc F. J. Lensink
- Marcel Blommers
- Marcus A. Hemminga
- Maria Assarsson
- Maria Ivanova
- Maria Sajin
- Marina Kveder
- Mario Parisi
- Marius Balea
- Marjan Vracko
- Marko Marhl
- Marçal de O. Neto
- Masahiro Ishiura
- Masahito Yamazaki
- Masaki Sasai
- Masaki Sasai
- Masami Kusunoki
- Masashi Sonoyama
- Masashi Sonoyama
- Masashi Yokochi
- Masasuke Yoshida
- Masayuki Takahashi
- Masood Jelokhani-Niaraki
- Matej Praprotnik
- Mau Sinha
- Maurizio Pellecchia
- Md. Kalimullah
- Medicherla V. Jagannadham
- Meera Ramrakhiani
- Mei H. Chau
- Menno L. W. Knetsch
- Michael A. Geeves
- Michael Gősch
- Michael Nilges
- Michel Desmadreil
- Michiki Kasai
- Mihir Roy Choudhury
- Mihir Roychoudhury
- Mikael Leijon
- Miki Nagata
- Milan Brumen
- Milan Marko
- Milan Randic
- Milan Schara
- Min Yao
- Ming Xiao
- Ming-Hou
- Minoru Kanehisa
- Miquel Coll
- Mira Sastri
- Mitsuo Ono
- Miyashita Osamu
- Mohammed Naimuddin
- Mohammed Naimuddin
- Monica Neagu
- Monica Neagu
- Monica Neagu
- Monica Sundd
- Monica Sundd
- Monique Genest
- Motilal Maiti
- Motilal Maiti
- Mougli Suarez
- Mukesh Kumar
- MV. Kosevich
- N A. Tyulkova
- N. A. Tyulkova
- N. A. Tyulkova
- N. Asherie
- N. B. Ulyanov
- N. Bruant
- N. D. Amin
- N. Faraday
- N. Fedirko
- N. Gautham
- N. Genov
- N. Go
- N. Justin
- N. Kannan
- N. Kasyanenko
- N. Kudryasheva
- N. Kurgalvuk
- N. M. Kozlova
- N. Manoj
- N. Mataga
- N. N. Remmel
- N. Pappavee
- N. R. Jaganathan
- N. R. Jagannathan
- N. R. Jagannathan
- N. R. Jagannathan
- N. S. Kudryasheva
- N. S. Miroshnichenko
- N. Saint
- N. Shvinka
- N. Srivastava
- N. Sukumar
- N. V. Budagovskaya
- N. V. Fedurkina
- N. V. Khudaverdian
- N. V. Visser
- N. Vinay Kumar
- N. Yathindra
- N. Yathindra
- N. Yathindra
- N. Yathindra
- N. Č. Radenović
- Nadia Izadi-Pruneyre
- Nagasuma R. Chandra
- Nanda B. Joshi
- Nandita Bachhawat
- Naohiro Yamaguchi
- Naoki Fujitani
- Naoki Kamo
- Naoki Kamo
- Nataša Stojanović
- Neal W. Woodbury
- Neel S. Bhavesh
- Neelima Alam
- Neja Potocnik
- Nenad Trinajstic
- Nguyen-huu Xuong
- Nicola G. A. Abrescia
- Nicolas Sajot
- Nicolcta Moisoi
- Nicole Schäfers
- Nirmalya Majumdar
- Nitish K. Sanval
- Nitish K. Sanyal
- Nitish K. Sanyal
- Nobuaki Sekino
- Nobuhiro Go
- Norbert Garnier
- NR. Jagannathan
- O. A. Senkovich
- O. Coshic
- O. G. Luneva
- O. Goryn
- O. I. Ismailova
- O. K. Rath
- O. M. Maznyak
- O. N. Vagina
- O. Ogun
- O. S. Kuptsoya
- O. T. Jansson
- O. Yukawa
- O. Zsiros
- O. Zsiros
- Olaf F. A. Larsen
- Orna Zagoory
- P. -Å. Nygren
- P. B. Usmanov
- P. B. Usmanov
- P. B. Vidyasagar
- P. B. Vidyasagar
- P. Bonazzola
- P. C. Kesavan
- P. F. Bray
- P. F. Oliveira
- P. Fromherz
- P. Grochowski
- P. Haezebrouck
- P. Handa
- P. Harikumar
- P. J. Bjorkman
- P. J. Goetz
- P. J. Steinbach
- P. Jonasson
- P. K. Dash
- P. K. Julka
- P. K. Madhu
- P. K. Patel
- P. K. Patel
- P. K. Sengupta
- P. K. Sengupta
- P. K. Sengupta
- P. Kaliannan
- P. Kolandaivel
- P. Kolandaivel
- P. Kolandaivel
- P. Kolmdaivel
- P. Kumar
- P. L. San Biagio
- P. L. San Biagio
- P. L. T. M. Frederix
- P. Laggner
- P. Laggner
- P. Lavalette
- P. M. G. Curmi
- P. M. Minić
- P. Mattjus
- P. Migliardo
- P. Pohl
- P. Prabakaran
- P. R. Unwin
- P. Raghunathan
- P. Roccatano
- P. S. Parvathanathan
- P. Satheesh Kumar
- P. Sengupta
- P. Sengupta
- P. Sharma
- P. Soto
- P. Thyberg
- P. Závodszky
- Pan xin Min
- Panchan Bakshi
- Paramita Ghosh
- Parul Kalra
- Paul Selvin
- Paulo M. Bisch
- Paulo M. Bisch
- Pavel Novák
- Pavle R. Andjus
- Pawel Grochowski
- Pawel Penczek
- Pearl Akamine
- Pekka Mark
- Per Thyberg
- Peter M. G. Munro
- Peter Nielsen
- Peter Pohl
- Petr Ilik
- Petr Ilík
- Petr Jezek
- Philip E. Bourne
- Philip T. Lo Verde
- Philippe Milnard
- Phillip Lowe
- Piyush Shukla
- Pradeep K. Luther
- Pradeep K. Luther
- Prasanna Mohanty
- Prashant Desai
- Prashant Pesais
- Pratibha Mehta Luthra
- Preeti G. Joshi
- Prieto Manuel
- Punit Kaur
- Puniti Mathur
- Purnima Khandelwal
- Pál Ormos
- Péter Závodszky
- Q. H. Gibson
- R. A. Gasanov
- R. Agalarov
- R. Ammar
- R. Balaram
- R. Barthwal
- R. Bruder
- R. Cohen-Luria
- R. D. Allan
- R. Danev
- R. Douce
- R. E. Brown
- R. Fayad
- R. Gasanov
- R. Greger
- R. Hewitt
- R. Iliescu
- R. K. Mishra
- R. K. Soni
- R. Khachatryan
- R. L. Biltonen
- R. Lavery
- R. M. Kini
- R. Malathi
- R. Malathi
- R. Ober
- R. P. Morozova
- R. Phillip
- R. Prassl
- R. Prassl
- R. Ravishankar
- R. Ravishankar
- R. Rigler
- R. Rigler
- R. Rukmini
- R. Rukmini
- R. Sarojini
- R. Sarojini
- R. Sarojini
- R. Sarojini
- R. Sayfutdinov
- R. Schwarzenbacher
- R. Schwarzenbacher
- R. Sharony
- R. Swaminathan
- R. Thenmalarchelvi
- R. Titball
- R. V. Hosur
- R. V. Hosur
- R. V. Hosur
- R. V. Hosur
- R. Varadarajan
- R. Viiavaraghavan
- R. W. Albers
- R. W. Titball
- R. Wang
- R. Warth
- R. Y. S. Chan
- R. Yilgin
- Rabi Majumdar
- Raghavan Varadarajan
- Rahim Rizi
- Rajendra K. Agrawal
- Rajiv Bhat
- Rajiv Dotta
- Raluca Gruia
- Rama Jayasundar
- Ramesh Chandra
- Ramón Eritxa
- Ranjan Sen
- Ratan Mani Joshi
- Ratna S. Phadke
- Ravi Jasuja
- Ravinder Reddy
- Ravindra Tewari
- Ravindra Tewari
- Raymond Paxton
- Rein Ruus
- Remo Rons
- Renn Batra
- Ricardo Miledi
- Richard Lavery
- Rienk van Grondelle
- Robert Grassucci
- Robert I. Lehrer
- Robert Weisberg
- Robin W. Briehl
- Rodney King
- Roger Cooke
- Rolf Misselwitz
- Roman Kouril
- Roman Kouřil
- Romina Paola Barbagallo
- Rossen Mirchev
- Roxana Pologea-Moraru
- Roxana Toriano
- Ruby Dhar
- Rudolf Rigler
- Rudolf Rigler
- Rudolf Rigler
- Ruud B. Spruijt
- Rüdiger Wehner
- S. A. Bondarenko
- S. A. Schwartz
- S. Afonin
- S. Agadjanyan
- S. Agrawal
- S. Aravamudhan
- S. Ayrapetyan
- S. Banerjee
- S. Betts
- S. Bhattacharya
- S. Bhattacharya
- S. Blesic
- S. C. Biswas
- S. C. Panchal
- S. C. Sahu
- S. Chacko
- S. Chakraborty
- S. Chakraborty
- S. Chauhan
- S. F. Cheng
- S. Francis
- S. G. Sokolovski
- S. G. Stepanyan
- S. Gasa
- S. Ghosh
- S. Ghosh
- S. Ghosh
- S. Gourinath
- S. Govindasamy
- S. H. Sanghvi
- S. H. Yang
- S. Hénon
- S. Ishiwata
- S. Ishjkawa
- S. Iskenderova
- S. K. Sikdar
- S. K. Sikdar
- S. Karthikevan
- S. Kawahara
- S. Koulchitsky
- S. Kumar
- S. M. Dennison
- S. M. Gaikwad
- S. M. Vaiana
- S. Magazù
- S. Mahajan
- S. Maiti
- S. Maiti
- S. Matuoka
- S. Milosevic
- S. N. Baba-Zade
- S. N. Cherenkevich
- S. N. Novruzova
- S. N. Tiwari
- S. N. Tiwari
- S. Noga
- S. P. Gupta
- S. Pashkevich
- S. Pečar
- S. Picaud
- S. Pletnev
- S. Przestalski
- S. R. Kasturi
- S. Rajagopal
- S. Rao
- S. Rao
- S. Roy
- S. S. Rajan
- S. Sasaki-Sugio
- S. Sato
- S. Schreier
- S. Selvasekarapandian
- S. Selvasekarapandian
- S. Selvasekarapandian
- S. Selvasekarapandian
- S. Sharma
- S. Sri Krishna
- S. Srinivasan
- S. Srivatsun
- S. Stoylova
- S. Ståhl
- S. Sugitani
- S. Sukumar
- S. Sukumar
- S. Sukumar
- S. Sukumar
- S. Svetina
- S. Takahashi
- S. Thamotharan
- S. Uhlén
- S. Urata
- S. V. Antonyuk
- S. V. Fedorovich
- S. V. Konev
- S. Velmurugan
- S. Vishveshwara
- S. Yadav
- S. Yu. Suleimanov
- Saad Tayyab
- Salman Muzammil
- Samaresh Mitra
- Samir K. Brahmachari
- Samir K. Brahmachari
- Sangeeta Kulkarni
- Sangeeta Kulkarni
- Sangeeta Kulkarni
- Santosh Pasha
- Santosh Pasha
- Sapar M. Saparov
- Sarah Thomas
- Sarah Thomas
- Sarata C. Sahu
- Satinder S. Rawat
- Satyen Sana
- Saulius Klimašauskas
- Saulius Serva
- Savan Gupta
- Saša Svetina
- Scott Hultgren
- Sebastian Wärmländer
- Seema Dalal
- Seiji Esaki
- Sen-fang Sui
- Sen-fang Sui
- Serge Crouzy
- Setsuyuki Aoki
- Seán O. Donoghue
- Sh. V. Mamedov
- Shakti Sahi
- Shakti Sahi
- Shamci Monajembashi
- Shan Jixiu
- Sharmisllia Dey
- Shashank S. Pataskar
- Shashi Prajapati
- Shashi Prajapati
- Sheffali Dash
- Shekhar C. Mande
- Shigeki Mitaku
- Shigeki Mitaku
- Shigeki Mitaku
- Shigeki Mituku
- Shigeru Ohta
- Shwu-Bin Lin
- Shyamalava Mazumdar
- Shyamalava Mazumdar
- Siddhartha Datta
- Sidney Fleischer
- Silvia Diviacco
- Slavko Pečar
- Sonam Mehrotra
- Sonja Nikolic
- Sophie Cribier
- Sridhar Charagundla
- Sridhar K. Kannurpatti
- Stefan Khight
- Stefan Wennmalm
- Subhash C. Basak
- Subhasis Bandvopadhvay
- Subhendu Ghosh
- Subhendu Ghosh
- Subhendu Seth
- Sudha M. Cowsik
- Sudha Srivastava
- Sudha Srivastava
- Sudip Kundu
- Sudip Kundu
- Sudipto Das
- Suman Das
- Suman Das
- Suman Kundu
- Suman Kundu
- Sunita Ramanathan
- Sunita Sharma
- Sunita Sharma
- Surjit B. Dixit
- Susan S. Taylor
- Susanne Gangl
- Suvobrata Chakravarty
- Suzanne Kwong
- Swati Patwardhan
- Swati Prasad
- T. A. Kumosani
- T. Aita
- T. Blangè
- T. E. Thompson
- T. F. Aripov
- T. Farkas
- T. Grycuk
- T. Heino
- T. Hema Thanka Christlet
- T. Hema Thanka Christlet
- T. Kral
- T. Lakshmanan
- T. Matsuzaki
- T. N. Gayatri
- T. Nakajima
- T. P. A. Devasagayam
- T. P. Singh
- T. P. Singh
- T. P. Singh
- T. P. Singh
- T. P. Singh
- T. R. Govindachari
- T. Ramakrishna
- T. S. Dynbko
- T. S. Dyubko
- T. S. Ramalingam
- T. T. Woo
- T. Takizawa
- T. V. Ananieva
- T. V. Ananieva
- T. V. Nesterenko
- T. V. Savchenko
- Tadayasu Ohkubo
- Tai Kiuchi
- Takaaki Kumeta
- Takaaki Nishioka
- Takanori Sasakil
- Takao Kondo
- Takatsugu Hirokawa
- Takehiro Watanabe
- Takumi Koshiba
- Tamás Jávorfí
- Tania Chakraharty
- Tao Jiang
- Tapas Sana
- Tastuya Nakano
- Terence Wagenknecht
- Tetsuhiko Ohba
- Thamarapu Srikrishnan
- Thamarapu Srikrishnan
- Thamarapu Srikrishnan
- Thomas L. James
- Thorsten Ritz
- Tianhui Hu
- Tomoaki Ohmura
- Tomoharu Matsumoto
- Tomohiko J. Itoh
- Tomoyasu Aizawa
- Tomoyuki Iwabuchi
- Tomoyuki Nishida
- Toshihiko Ogihara
- Toshio Yanagida
- Tsuguchika Kaminuma
- Tudor Savopol
- Tudor Savopol
- U. Haldar
- U. Haldar
- U. K. Genick
- U. Sharma
- U. Singh
- U. Varshney
- U. Welscher
- Uddhavesh B. Sonavane
- Uma Singh
- Umamaheswar Duvvuri
- Umesh Varshney
- Usha B. Nair
- Usha B. Nair
- V. A. Fedin
- V. A. Kratasyuk
- V. A. Kratasyuk
- V. A. Pashinskaya
- V. A. Pashinskaya
- V. Arakelyan
- V. Arrigler
- V. D. Trivedi
- V. Forster
- V. I. Ivanov
- V. Jazbinšek
- V. K. Koltover
- V. K. Rastogi
- V. Kabaleeswaran
- V. Kiessling
- V. Kothekar
- V. Kothekar
- V. Kulchitsky
- V. Laretta-Garde
- V. Laurent
- V. M. Mazhul
- V. M. Mazhul
- V. Manko
- V. Martorana
- V. Martorana
- V. Mkheyan
- V. Mohan Kumar
- V. N. Shikhov
- V. N. Shilov
- V. Nastasa
- V. Natarajan
- V. P. Bubnov
- V. P. Skulachev
- V. R. Srinivas
- V. Rani Parvathy
- V. S. Chauhan
- V. S. Chubanov
- V. S. Shelkovsky
- V. V. Adamovich
- V. V. Rosin
- V. Villari
- Vasantha Pattabhi
- Vera Pingoud
- Vettai S. Ananthanaravanan
- Vettai S. Ananthanarayanan
- Victor Muñoz
- Vidva Raghunathan
- Vikas Chandra
- Vinod Bhakuni
- Vinod Bhakuni
- Vitaly K. Koltover
- Vito Stare
- Vivian Stojanoff
- Vlnod Bhakuni
- W. A. Varanda
- W. Bild
- W. H. Sawyer
- W. J. Chien
- W. Müller
- W. Schmahl
- W. Seidenbusch
- Wang Bao Han
- Wang Jushuo
- Wang Zhi Xin
- Wei-ying Cheng
- Wen-rui Chang
- Werner Kühlbrandt
- William A. Eaton
- Wolfgang Höhne
- Wolfgang Jahnke
- Wolfgang Wende
- Xiao-jian Hu
- Xun Shen
- Y-M. Zheng
- Y. -H. Sanejouand
- Y. Blouquit
- Y. Husimi
- Y. Kirino
- Y. Kishimoto
- Y. Kyogoku
- Y. Lin
- Y. M. Allakhverdieva
- Y. Nakato
- Y. Pesotskaya
- Y. Rubin
- Y. Shibata
- Y. Suezaki
- Y. U. Sasidhar
- Ya. I. Estrin
- Yasuhiro Kumaki
- Yasunori Yokoyama
- Yogesh Kumar
- Yoichi Hayakawa
- Yoichiro Ito
- Yoshihiro Kobashigawa
- Yoshitoshi
- Yoshiyuki Amemiya
- Yosiyuki Sowa
- Yu. Babayan
- Yu. P. Blagoy
- Yu. P. Chukova
- Yu. S. Babayan
- Yuan Zheng
- Yuji Kimura
- Yuki Fukuoka
- Yuki Nakagawa
- Yuling Yan
- Yuri Mukai
- Yuri Mukai
- Yuri N. Antonenko
- Yuriko Yamagata
- Yuriko Yamagata
- Yusuke Iguchi
- Yuzuru Husimi
- Yves Blouquit
- Z. B. Li
- Z. Combos
- Z. Cseh
- Z. Földes-Papp
- Z. Gombos
- Z. Guttenberg
- Z. Lobo
- Z. S. Várkonyi
- Z. Stolič
- Z. Tronteli
- Zeno Földes-Papp
- Zhao Nanming
- Zhi-hong Zhang
- Zs. Várkonyi
- Zvi Priel
- Á. Bódi
- Éric Quinjou
- Ü. Mets
- Č. N. Radenović
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- Field of study